Mechatronics & IoT
Related: automatic-control · hydraulics-pneumatics
Cheat sheet
Formulas
Sensor → ADC → MCU → control law → driver → actuator
PWM duty controls average voltage to motors
Debounce inputs; sample faster than plant dynamics (Nyquist)
IoT: edge device → network → broker → dashboard/DB
PWM duty ≈ effective voltage for many DC loads
IoT: device → broker/MQTT → app/ERP
Definitions
- Open-loop vs closed-loop embedded
- Timed actuation vs sensor feedback
- ESC
- Electronic speed controller for brushless motors
- MQTT / HTTP
- Common IoT messaging / REST patterns
- Watchdog
- Timer reset to recover hung firmware
- MCU
- Microcontroller — code + peripherals on chip
- Cobot / autonomy
- Collaborative robot / self-directed system
Topic-wise short notes
Sensors & actuators
- Calibration & units in software; don’t trust raw ADC.
- Motor drivers need freewheel diodes / proper current limits.
Drones & farm IoT
- Link budget, mesh Wi-Fi, and latency for actuators.
- Scheduling irrigation from moisture + weather + solar availability.
Exam traps & quick notes
- Drones for solar surveys; farm mesh Wi-Fi + valves.
- Orange Pi ERP SSL stack as manufacturing connectivity base.
- Myoelectric prosthetic iterations — signal → motor.
- Grounding & noise kill sensors — layout matters.
- Fail-safe defaults on communication loss.
- Power budgets for solar/battery edge devices.
Comprehensive notes
Sensors & actuators
Debouncing, filtering, closed-loop vs open-loop; safety interlocks.
External: Arduino docs ↗ MQTT essentials ↗
Drones & farm IoT
Flight stack awareness; zoning irrigation by moisture/solar generation.